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The Automatic Identification System (AIS) is an automated, autonomous tracking system which is extensively used in the maritime world for the exchange of navigational informational between AIS-equipped terminals. Thanks to it, static and dynamic vessel information can be electronically exchanged between AIS-receiving stations (onboard, ashore or satellite).

 

Actually, as from December 2004, the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) requires all passengers' vessels, as well as, all commercial vessels over 299 Gross Tonnage (GT)  that travel internationally to carry a Class A AIS transponder aboard (smaller vessels can also be equipped with a Class B AIS transponder). This decision came as a result of the 2002 SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) agreement's relative mandate.

 

AIS transponders (on vessel stations) include a GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver which collects the subject vessel's position and movement details. Such (dynamic) details along with other static information provided by the vessel's crew are automatically broadcasted at regular intervals via a built-in VHF transmitter using 2 specific VHF channels (161.975 Mhz and 162.025 Mhz - 87 & 88 old VHF channels). 

 

The periodic AIS-data information can be received by other vessels or base stations (provided they are within range). Then, with the use of special software, it can be processed and depicted on chart plotters or on computers (for example, on the MarineTraffic Live Map). AIS-data can also be received by satellites - in this case, the term Sat-AIS is used (Satellite AIS or S-AIS). 

 

The availability of the AIS information to the public domain quickly led to a drastic change regarding the initial perception of its use. AIS was originally developed by IMO (International Maritime Organisation) as a standard which would help vessels to avoid collisions while assisting port authorities to control marine traffic with more efficiency. However, the fact that its capabilities could become applicable to a wider spectrum of maritime-related business fields, soon became clear! 

 

Nowadays, AIS information is used to serve various purposes and facilitates the work of people in various occupations, such as (among others):

• Port Authorities and Harbour Masters

• Ship Owners, Managers and Builders

• Ship Agents, Brokers and Charterers

• Researchers and Data Analysts

• Tug Operators and Pilots

• Search and Rescue teams

• Flag administrators and Classification Societies

• Vessels' crews and their families' members

• Coast Guard and Border Patrol

• Hotels and Tour operators

• Passengers or recreational sailors

• Environmental Protection agents

• Maritime Enthusiasts and Radio-amateurs